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The Black Forest house〔Dickinson, Robert E (1964). ''Germany: A regional and economic geography'' (2nd ed.). London: Methuen, p. 154. .〕〔Günter Pfeifer, Per Brauneck (2008). ''Courtyard Houses: A Housing Typology'', Volume 1, Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin, p. 6. ISBN 978-3-7643-7839-4.〕〔Wood, George (1984). ''The Visitor's Guide to the Black Forest'', Moorland, pp. 104, 146.〕 ((ドイツ語:Schwarzwaldhaus)) is a byre-dwelling that is found mainly in the central and southern parts of the Black Forest in southwestern Germany. It is characterised externally by a long hipped or half-hipped roof that descends to the height of the ground floor. This type of dwelling is suited to the conditions of the Black Forest: hillside locations, broad tracks, high levels of snowfall and heavy wind loading. Individual farms, such as the ''Hierahof'' near Kappel, which are still worked today, are over 400 years old. The Black Forest house is described by Dickinson as very characteristic of the Swabian farmstead type.〔 == House types == Depending on the site of the individual farms various types of Black Forest house have emerged which are designed to cope with the specific climatic situation. Hermann Schilli, the initiator of the open-air museum of ''Vogtsbauernhof'' distinguishes seven types of Black Forest house:〔Hermann Schilli: ''Ländliche Haus- und Hofformen im alemannischen Gebiet Badens''. Badische Heimat 31 (1951) p. 178 ((online ))〕 # The "heath house" (''Heidenhaus''), or "hill house" (''Höhenhaus''), is by far the oldest form of Black Forest farmhouse, and is mostly found in the High Black Forest. In its older form the living rooms face the slope of the hill. Its name is explained thus: ''"The farmers of the High Black Forest have kept alive the knowhow for building the unique medieval design elements of the single-roofed house to this day. It may be for this reason they believed this form of house was invented by heathens and therefore called it a "heath house". Doubtless the term was intended to symbolize the archaic appearance of this type of house and its supposedly ancient origins…"''〔Ulrich Schnitzer: ''Schwarzwaldhäuser von gestern für die Landwirtschaft von morgen''. Mit Beiträgen von Franz Meckes u.a., Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart, 1989, ISBN 3-8062-0567-1, pp. 33 ff.〕 # The "heath house in its newer form" (''Heidenhaus in seiner neueren Form'') differs from the older form by the rotation of the floor plan through around 180°, so that the living rooms now face the valley. The roof on both forms is usually a full hipped roof that descends to the ground floor, i.e. not a half-hipped roof. #The "Zarten house" (''Zartener Haus'') tends to be found on level valley bottoms. Its name is derived from the villages of Zarten and Kirchzarten in the valley of Dreisamtal, in the southern Black Forest. #The "Schauinsland house" (''Schauinslandhaus''), named after the local hill of Freiburg, the Schauinsland, is located in the high regions, near the summits of the southern Black Forest. It stands, unlike the aforementioned types, with its longer side facing the slope, from where the silage is also transported. #The "Hotzen house" (''Hotzenhaus'') must withstand similar climate conditions; it is still widespread in the climatically harsh Hotzenwald. Here too, the house usually has its longer side facing the slope and has a long roof on all sides. #The "Gutacher house" (''Gutacher Haus'') is found on the eastern perimeter of the Black Forest. It is possibly the most typical form of farmhouse that is linked to the Black Forest. #The "Kinzig Valley house" (''Kinzigtäler Haus'') is mainly found in the catchment areas of the rivers Acher, Rench, Kinzig and Schutter, i.e. in the central part of the Black Forest. It is externally similar to the Gutacher house, but differs from the latter in its design and floor plan. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Black Forest house」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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